CodeChef Snackdown 2016 : Online Elimination Round - Alliances

問題

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頂点数 N のツリーが与えられる。
K 個のギャングがいて、各ギャングはツリー上のある頂点集合を支配している。
クエリが Q 個くる。各クエリはある頂点 v と、ギャングのリストが含まれている。
リスト中のギャングが支配している頂点および、それらの頂点を結ぶパス上にある頂点を「支配されている頂点」とするとき、v から最も近い「支配されている頂点」への距離を求めよ。

解法

ALLIANCE - Editorial - CodeChef Discuss

支配されている頂点集合のLCAを、u とする。
v が u を根とするサブツリーに含まれていなければ、dist(v, u) が答えになる。
v が u を根とするサブツリーに含まれるとき、「v を含み、かつ、支配されている頂点を含まない最大のサブツリー」を探す。そのサブツリーの根を w とすると、dist(v, w)+1 が答えになる。
「v を含み、かつ、支配されている頂点を含まない最大のサブツリー」 をみつけるのはオイラーツアーしてBITで頑張るといける。

コード

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class ALLIANCE {
  private static class Task {
    void solve(FastScanner in, PrintWriter out) {
      int N = in.nextInt();
      ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj = new ArrayList<>(N);
      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) adj.add(new ArrayList<>());
      for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; i++) {
        int u = in.nextInt() - 1;
        int v = in.nextInt() - 1;
        adj.get(u).add(v);
        adj.get(v).add(u);
      }

      LCA lca = new LCA(adj);

      int gangGroupNum = in.nextInt();
      int[][] gangs = new int[gangGroupNum][];
      int[] gangGroupLCA = new int[gangGroupNum];
      for (int gang = 0; gang < gangGroupNum; gang++) {
        int cityNum = in.nextInt();
        gangs[gang] = new int[cityNum];
        gangGroupLCA[gang] = -1;
        for (int j = 0; j < cityNum; j++) {
          int city = in.nextInt() - 1;
          gangs[gang][j] = city;
          gangGroupLCA[gang] = lca.getLCA(gangGroupLCA[gang], city);
        }
        Arrays.sort(gangs[gang]);
      }

      int Q = in.nextInt();
      int[] queryCity = new int[Q];
      ArrayList<Integer>[] queryGangs = new ArrayList[N];
      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) queryGangs[i] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
      int[] queryGangLCA = new int[Q];
      int[] queryAnswer = new int[Q];
      for (int q = 0; q < Q; q++) {
        queryCity[q] = in.nextInt() - 1;
        int queryGangNum = in.nextInt();
        queryGangLCA[q] = -1;
        for (; queryGangNum > 0; queryGangNum--) {
          int gang = in.nextInt() - 1;
          queryGangs[gang].add(q);
          queryGangLCA[q] = lca.getLCA(queryGangLCA[q], gangGroupLCA[gang]);
        }
        queryAnswer[q] = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2;
      }

      FenwickTree bit = new FenwickTree(lca.eulerTourCnt);
      // per gang
      for (int gang = 0; gang < gangGroupNum; gang++) {
        // init gang
        for (int city : gangs[gang]) {
          bit.add(lca.preEuler[city], 1);
          bit.add(lca.postEuler[city], 1);
        }

        //answer queries
        for (int query : queryGangs[gang]) {
          int targetCity = queryCity[query];
          int l = lca.getLCA(targetCity, gangGroupLCA[gang]);
          int answer;
          if (l == gangGroupLCA[gang]) {
            answer = 0;
            if (bit.sum(lca.preEuler[targetCity], lca.postEuler[targetCity] + 1) == 0) {
              int currentCity = targetCity;

              for (int k = lca.parent.length - 1; k >= 0; --k) {
                int nextCity = lca.parent[k][currentCity];
                if (nextCity < 0) nextCity = 0;
                if (bit.sum(lca.preEuler[nextCity], lca.postEuler[nextCity] + 1) == 0) {
                  currentCity = nextCity;
                }
              }

              answer = lca.getLength(currentCity, targetCity) + 1;
            }
          } else {
            answer = lca.depth[targetCity] - lca.depth[l] + Math.max(0, lca.depth[queryGangLCA[query]] - lca.depth[l]);
          }
          queryAnswer[query] = Math.min(queryAnswer[query], answer);
        }

        // Reset Fenwick Tree
        for (int city : gangs[gang]) {
          bit.add(lca.preEuler[city], -1);
          bit.add(lca.postEuler[city], -1);
        }

      }
      for (int i = 0; i < Q; i++) {
        out.println(queryAnswer[i]);
      }
    }
  }

  static class FenwickTree {
    int N;
    long[] data;

    FenwickTree(int N) {
      this.N = N + 1;
      data = new long[N + 1];
    }

    void add(int k, long val) {
      for (int x = k; x < N; x |= x + 1) {
        data[x] += val;
      }
    }

    // [0, k)
    long sum(int k) {
      if (k >= N) k = N - 1;
      int ret = 0;
      for (int x = k - 1; x >= 0; x = (x & (x + 1)) - 1) {
        ret += data[x];
      }
      return ret;
    }

    // [l, r)
    long sum(int l, int r) {
      return sum(r) - sum(l);
    }

    long get(int k) {
      assert (0 <= k && k < N);
      return sum(k + 1) - sum(k);
    }
  }

  static class LCA {
    ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> G;
    int[][] parent;
    int[] depth;
    int root, logV;

    int[] preEuler, postEuler;

    int eulerTourCnt = 0;

    void build(int root) {
      Arrays.fill(depth, -1);
      ArrayDeque<Integer> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
      stack.addFirst(root);
      parent[0][root] = -1;
      depth[root] = 0;
      while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
        int v = stack.peekFirst();
        for (int u : G.get(v)) {
          if (depth[u] >= 0) continue;
          parent[0][u] = v;
          depth[u] = depth[v] + 1;
          stack.addFirst(u);
        }
        if (stack.peekFirst() == v) {
          stack.pollFirst();
          if (preEuler[v] < 0) preEuler[v] = eulerTourCnt++;
          postEuler[v] = eulerTourCnt++;
        } else {
          preEuler[v] = eulerTourCnt++;
        }
      }

    }

    LCA(final ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj) {
      int V = adj.size();
      root = 0;
      G = adj;
      depth = new int[V];
      preEuler = new int[V];
      Arrays.fill(preEuler, -1);
      postEuler = new int[V];

      logV = 1;
      for (int i = 1; i <= V; ) {
        i *= 2;
        logV++;
      }
      parent = new int[logV][V];

      build(root);

      for (int k = 0; k + 1 < logV; ++k)
        for (int v = 0; v < V; ++v)
          if (parent[k][v] < 0) {
            parent[k + 1][v] = -1;
          } else {
            parent[k + 1][v] = parent[k][parent[k][v]];
          }
    }

    int getLCA(int u, int v) {
      if (u < 0) return v;
      if (v < 0) return u;
      if (depth[u] > depth[v]) {
        int tu = u;
        u = v;
        v = tu;
      }
      for (int k = 0; k < logV; ++k) if (((depth[v] - depth[u]) >> k & 1) != 0) v = parent[k][v];
      if (u == v) return u;
      for (int k = logV - 1; k >= 0; --k)
        if (parent[k][u] != parent[k][v]) {
          u = parent[k][u];
          v = parent[k][v];
        }
      return parent[0][u];
    }

    int getLength(int u, int v) {
      int lca = getLCA(u, v);
      return depth[u] + depth[v] - depth[lca] * 2;
    }
  }

  // Template
  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    Task solver = new Task();
    OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
    FastScanner in = new FastScanner();
    PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
    solver.solve(in, out);
    out.close();
  }
  private static class FastScanner {
    private final InputStream in = System.in;
    private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    private int ptr = 0;
    private int bufferLength = 0;

    private boolean hasNextByte() {
      if (ptr < bufferLength) {
        return true;
      } else {
        ptr = 0;
        try {
          bufferLength = in.read(buffer);
        } catch (IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (bufferLength <= 0) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    private int readByte() {
      if (hasNextByte()) return buffer[ptr++];
      else return -1;
    }

    private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c) {
      return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
    }

    private void skipUnprintable() {
      while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr])) ptr++;
    }

    boolean hasNext() {
      skipUnprintable();
      return hasNextByte();
    }

    public String next() {
      if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      int b = readByte();
      while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
        sb.appendCodePoint(b);
        b = readByte();
      }
      return sb.toString();
    }

    long nextLong() {
      if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
      long n = 0;
      boolean minus = false;
      int b = readByte();
      if (b == '-') {
        minus = true;
        b = readByte();
      }
      if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
        throw new NumberFormatException();
      }
      while (true) {
        if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
          n *= 10;
          n += b - '0';
        } else if (b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) {
          return minus ? -n : n;
        } else {
          throw new NumberFormatException();
        }
        b = readByte();
      }
    }

    double nextDouble() {
      return Double.parseDouble(next());
    }

    double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) {
      double[] array = new double[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        array[i] = nextDouble();
      }
      return array;
    }

    double[][] nextDoubleMap(int n, int m) {
      double[][] map = new double[n][];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        map[i] = nextDoubleArray(m);
      }
      return map;
    }

    public int nextInt() {
      return (int) nextLong();
    }

    public int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
      int[] array = new int[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        array[i] = nextInt();
      }
      return array;
    }
  }
}