Codeforces Round #377 (Div. 2) F. Tourist Reform

問題

http://codeforces.com/contest/732/problem/F

N 頂点 M 辺の連結な無向グラフが与えられます。すべての辺の向きをそれぞれどちらか 1 方向に限定した時に頂点 i から到達可能な頂点の数を mi とします。mi の最小値を最大化するとき、その値と、その時の各辺の向きを出力してください。

解法

2重辺連結成分の中では上手く巡回するように辺の向きを決めると、連結成分内の全ての頂点を行き来することができます。逆に、橋となる辺の向きを固定するとき、連結成分 v->u へ橋の向きを固定することを考えると、mi の最小値 m は 必ず m<=|u| となります。よって、最大の連結成分 u を選び、各連結成分からは u に向けて橋を固定すれば良いです。

コード

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.*;

/*
                   _ooOoo_
                  o8888888o
                  88" . "88
                  (| -_- |)
                  O\  =  /O
               ____/`---'\____
             .'  \\|     |//  `.
            /  \\|||  :  |||//  \
           /  _||||| -:- |||||-  \
           |   | \\\  -  /// |   |
           | \_|  ''\---/''  |   |
           \  .-\__  `-`  ___/-. /
         ___`. .'  /--.--\  `. . __
      ."" '<  `.___\_<|>_/___.'  >'"".
     | | :  `- \`.;`\ _ /`;.`/ - ` : | |
     \  \ `-.   \_ __\ /__ _/   .-` /  /
======`-.____`-.___\_____/___.-`____.-'======
                   `=---='
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
            pass System Test!
*/

public class F {
  private static class Task {
    long N;
    TreeMap<Long, int[]> direction = new TreeMap<>();
    ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> graph;

    void disconnectedDfs(int v, int p, boolean[] vis) {
      vis[v] = true;
      for (int u : graph.get(v)) {
        if (u == p) continue;
        if (direction.containsKey(edgeValue(u, v))) continue;
        direction.put(edgeValue(u, v), new int[]{v, u});
        if (!vis[u]) {
          disconnectedDfs(u, v, vis);
        }
      }
    }

    void superDfs(int v, int p, int[] ord) {
      for (int u : graph.get(v)) {
        if (u == p) continue;
        ord[u] = ord[v] + 1;//v <- u
        superDfs(u, v, ord);
      }
    }

    void solve(FastScanner in, PrintWriter out) throws Exception {
      N = in.nextInt();
      int M = in.nextInt();
      int[][] edges = new int[2][M];
      graph = new ArrayList<>();
      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
      for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
        int u = in.nextInt() - 1;
        int v = in.nextInt() - 1;
        graph.get(u).add(v);
        graph.get(v).add(u);
        edges[0][i] = u;
        edges[1][i] = v;
      }

      int k;
      int[] cmp;
      ArrayList<int[]> bridges;
      {
        BiconnectedComponents bic = new BiconnectedComponents(graph);
        k = bic.k;
        cmp = bic.cmp;
        bridges = bic.bridges;
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) graph.get(i).clear();

      int[] sizes = new int[k];
      for (int c : cmp) sizes[c]++;
      int maxSize = 0;
      int maxComponentId = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < sizes.length; i++)
        if (maxSize < sizes[i]) {
          maxSize = sizes[i];
          maxComponentId = i;
        }

      for (ArrayList<Integer> g : graph) g.clear();

      for (int[] bridge : bridges) {
        int u = bridge[0];
        int v = bridge[1];
        graph.get(cmp[u]).add(cmp[v]);
        graph.get(cmp[v]).add(cmp[u]);
      }
      int[] ord = new int[k];
      superDfs(maxComponentId, -1, ord);
      for (ArrayList<Integer> g : graph) g.clear();

      for (int[] bridge : bridges) {
        int u = bridge[0];
        int v = bridge[1];
        if (ord[cmp[v]] < ord[cmp[u]]) {
          //u->v
          direction.put(edgeValue(u, v), new int[]{u, v});
        } else {
          //v->u
          direction.put(edgeValue(u, v), new int[]{v, u});
        }
      }

      for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
        if (!direction.containsKey(edgeValue(edges[0][i], edges[1][i]))) {
          graph.get(edges[0][i]).add(edges[1][i]);
          graph.get(edges[1][i]).add(edges[0][i]);
        }
      }

      boolean[] vis = new boolean[(int) N];
      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        if (!vis[i]) disconnectedDfs(i, -1, vis);
      }

      out.println(maxSize);
      for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
        int[] vu = direction.get(edgeValue(edges[0][i], edges[1][i]));
        out.println((vu[0] + 1) + " " + (vu[1] + 1));
      }

    }

    long edgeValue(int u, int v) {
      return N * Math.min(u, v) + Math.max(u, v);
    }

    class BiconnectedComponents {

      private int[] order;
      private ArrayDeque<Integer> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
      private ArrayDeque<Integer> path = new ArrayDeque<>();
      private boolean[] inStack;
      private int idx;
      private int k;
      private final ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> G;

      public ArrayList<int[]> bridges = new ArrayList<>();
      public int[] cmp;

      BiconnectedComponents(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> g) {
        int n = g.size();
        this.G = g;
        idx = 0;
        k = 0;
        order = new int[n];
        Arrays.fill(order, -1);
        inStack = new boolean[n];
        cmp = new int[n];

        for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
          if (order[v] == -1) {
            dfs(v, n);

            // [v, N] が追加されてしまっているので削除
            bridges.remove(bridges.size() - 1);
          }
        }
      }

      private void dfs(int v, int p) {
        order[v] = idx++;
        stack.addLast(v);
        inStack[v] = true;
        path.addLast(v);
        for (Integer to : G.get(v)) {
          if (to == p) continue;

          if (order[to] == -1)
            dfs(to, v);
          else if (inStack[to])
            while (order[path.peekLast()] > order[to]) path.pollLast();
        }

        if (v == path.peekLast()) {
          bridges.add(new int[]{p, v});
          while (true) {
            int w = stack.pollLast();
            inStack[w] = false;
            cmp[w] = k;
            if (v == w) break;
          }
          path.pollLast();
          ++k;
        }
      }
    }

  }

  /**
   * ここから下はテンプレートです。
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
    FastScanner in = new FastScanner();
    PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
    Task solver = new Task();
    solver.solve(in, out);
    out.close();
  }
  private static class FastScanner {
    private final InputStream in = System.in;
    private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    private int ptr = 0;
    private int bufferLength = 0;

    private boolean hasNextByte() {
      if (ptr < bufferLength) {
        return true;
      } else {
        ptr = 0;
        try {
          bufferLength = in.read(buffer);
        } catch (IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (bufferLength <= 0) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    private int readByte() {
      if (hasNextByte()) return buffer[ptr++];
      else return -1;
    }

    private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c) {
      return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
    }

    private void skipUnprintable() {
      while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr])) ptr++;
    }

    boolean hasNext() {
      skipUnprintable();
      return hasNextByte();
    }

    public String next() {
      if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      int b = readByte();
      while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
        sb.appendCodePoint(b);
        b = readByte();
      }
      return sb.toString();
    }

    long nextLong() {
      if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
      long n = 0;
      boolean minus = false;
      int b = readByte();
      if (b == '-') {
        minus = true;
        b = readByte();
      }
      if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
        throw new NumberFormatException();
      }
      while (true) {
        if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
          n *= 10;
          n += b - '0';
        } else if (b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) {
          return minus ? -n : n;
        } else {
          throw new NumberFormatException();
        }
        b = readByte();
      }
    }

    double nextDouble() {
      return Double.parseDouble(next());
    }

    double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) {
      double[] array = new double[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        array[i] = nextDouble();
      }
      return array;
    }

    double[][] nextDoubleMap(int n, int m) {
      double[][] map = new double[n][];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        map[i] = nextDoubleArray(m);
      }
      return map;
    }

    public int nextInt() {
      return (int) nextLong();
    }

    public int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
      int[] array = new int[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) array[i] = nextInt();
      return array;
    }

    public long[] nextLongArray(int n) {
      long[] array = new long[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) array[i] = nextLong();
      return array;
    }

    public String[] nextStringArray(int n) {
      String[] array = new String[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) array[i] = next();
      return array;
    }

    public char[][] nextCharMap(int n) {
      char[][] array = new char[n][];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) array[i] = next().toCharArray();
      return array;
    }

    public int[][] nextIntMap(int n, int m) {
      int[][] map = new int[n][];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        map[i] = nextIntArray(m);
      }
      return map;
    }
  }
}