Codeforces Round #316 Div2 D: Tree Requests

問題

codeforces.com

解法

mayokoex.hatenablog.com

コード

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class Main {

	public void solve() {
		FastScanner scanner = new FastScanner();
		int N = scanner.nextInt();
		int Q = scanner.nextInt();

		// 木を作る
		ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> graph = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			graph.add(new ArrayList<Integer>());
		}
		for (int to = 1; to < N; to++) {
			int from = scanner.nextInt() - 1;
			graph.get(from).add(to);
		}

		char[] string = scanner.next().toCharArray();

		// クエリを先に保存しておく
		ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> queryV = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i = 0; i <= N; i++) {
			queryV.add(new ArrayList<Integer>());
		}
		int[] queryH = new int[Q];
		for (int queryID = 0; queryID < Q; queryID++) {
			int v = scanner.nextInt() - 1;
			int h = scanner.nextInt();
			queryV.get(v).add(queryID);
			queryH[queryID] = h;
		}

		int[] ansBit = new int[Q];
		int[] xorH = new int[N + 1];

		// dfsを再帰でやろうとすると最悪ケースでStackOverFlowする
		ArrayDeque<Integer[]> dfs = new ArrayDeque<>();
		dfs.push(new Integer[] { 0, 1 });
		boolean[] visited = new boolean[N];
		while (!dfs.isEmpty()) {
			int from = dfs.peek()[0];
			int depth = dfs.peek()[1];
			if (!visited[from]) {
				visited[from] = true;
				for (int queryID : queryV.get(from)) {
					// ansBit[queryID]をxorH[queryH[queryID]]で初期化しておく
					ansBit[queryID] = xorH[queryH[queryID]];
				}

				// fromの子についてDFSすることで、xorH[queryH[queryID]]が更新される
				for (int to : graph.get(from)) {
					dfs.push(new Integer[] { to, depth + 1 });
				}
			} else {
				int strBit = 1 << (string[from] - 'a');
				xorH[depth] ^= strBit;

				// 最初にansBit[queryID]をxorH[queryH[queryID]]で初期化しておいたので
				// 新しくxorH[queryH[queryID]]に加わった変更のみが残る
				for (int queryID : queryV.get(from)) {
					ansBit[queryID] ^= xorH[queryH[queryID]];
				}
				dfs.pop();
			}
		}

		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = 0; i < Q; i++) {
			if (Integer.bitCount(ansBit[i]) > 1) {
				sb.append("No\n");
			} else {
				sb.append("Yes\n");
			}
		}
		System.out.print(sb.toString());

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Main().solve();
	}
}

class FastScanner {
	private final InputStream in = System.in;
	private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
	private int ptr = 0;
	private int buflen = 0;

	private boolean hasNextByte() {
		if (ptr < buflen) {
			return true;
		} else {
			ptr = 0;
			try {
				buflen = in.read(buffer);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			if (buflen <= 0) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	private int readByte() {
		if (hasNextByte())
			return buffer[ptr++];
		else
			return -1;
	}

	private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c) {
		return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
	}

	private void skipUnprintable() {
		while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr]))
			ptr++;
	}

	public boolean hasNext() {
		skipUnprintable();
		return hasNextByte();
	}

	public String next() {
		if (!hasNext())
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int b = readByte();
		while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	public int nextInt() {
		return (int) nextLong();
	}

	public long nextLong() {
		if (!hasNext())
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		long n = 0;
		boolean minus = false;
		int b = readByte();
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
			throw new NumberFormatException();
		}
		while (true) {
			if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
				n *= 10;
				n += b - '0';
			} else if (b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) {
				return minus ? -n : n;
			} else {
				throw new NumberFormatException();
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}
}